Comment on Setting Students Minds on Fire by Armin

I agree that teacher’s concern for student success is vital to student engagement and participation. According to a recent survey (1) the percentage of school teachers who are white females now seems to be around 75%. However, I don’t think that racial bias is the only or the main causal factor in this situation. Traditionally, there has been an extremely low participation rate for females in both higher education and STEM programs. Today, although women constitute a high percentage of university students, the degrees they tend to apply for limit their post-graduation job opportunities. By the way, it seems that with an increase in the population of non-whites in the society and more women’s enrollment at STEM fields, the current situation is changing toward an increase in the percentage of both non-white teachers and male teachers.

(1) https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/08/15/the-nations-teaching-force-is-still-mostly.html

Comment on Entertainment vs. Enlightenment by Armin

I agree with most of what you said. I just want to add a few points. I think education should be well-planned in advance. If students believe that they have made the right choice, and they are at the right place in their lives, they already have some levels of motivation. Lack of motivation is certainly not limited to the entertaining nature of the class but there are many factors in private life that discourage students from education. I think the success of a teacher or a department in increasing motivation, to some extent, depend on how much those external factors are addressed. Some may think that dealing with anything beyond course content is not within the responsibilities of the teacher or department. However, the contemporary methodologies emphasize on education as an essential part of life. Based on my own experience, I feel that concerns such as job opportunities and post-graduation life quality are serious issues that if properly addressed in school, could really increase student motivation for participation in class. Professors who show concerns in developing the required skills and increasing post-graduation opportunities and helping students with their achievements (e.g., through consultation, writing recommendation letters, making industry connections, etc.) play a great role in this regard.

Comment on Are lectures beneficial to student learning? by Armin

While I am not a fan of traditional lecture-based classes, I think the quality of lecture-based courses really depends on the professor. A high-quality delivery of the course content through lecture requires outstanding teaching abilities, deep understanding of the course content, outstanding communication skills, etc. If a lecturer doesn’t possess these abilities, he/she should come up with a solution to reduce the time of lectures.
Even with advanced teaching skills, passive learning is essentially boring and the lecturer should be able to engage students in some way in the discussion. As you mentioned, prior experience is a factor in having an interest in lectures. In practice-based majors, such as engineering, arts, and architecture, students may find it very difficult to maintain their focus on the lecture for a relatively long time.
There are many criticisms of lecture-based classes and I think, regardless of the teacher’s expertise, the ideal approach is to have a mix of teaching methods. For example, the first 20-minutes of the class could be spent on the lecture, the second 20-minutes on quizzes, and the third 20-minutes on teamwork or active learning. This, I think, is a way to reduce the inefficiencies of lectures and enhance active learning in a session of 60 minutes.

Comment on Dilemma: To Blog or Not to Blog! by Armin

Traditionally, the role of universities and professors has been more or less limited to lecturing and conducting research. Recently, communication technologies have transformed the lives and habits of people, especially students and professors. To meet the resulting demands for adapting technology, there is a global push toward web presence as an indicator of the quality of major universities. Regardless of this pressure, I think the decision to create and maintain a professional blog partly depends on how much a professor wants to present and open him/herself to the new world that is less dependent on time and place and is entirely run by the use of communication technologies.
Expectations from a university professor are now far more than what they were in the past. Professors also work in very different ways from a typical industrial employee. Professors are the international leaders in their own fields who should constantly travel to all over the world and engage in private and public initiatives. As a result of all the changes, they necessarily have a much larger audience, ranging from students to government officials who communicate with the professor and should be aware of his/her activities.
Obviously, a professor’s blog is not a place to share his/her personal life. Rather blogs are media through which professors archive their past work, announce their ongoing activities and propose their future directions. I think the need for maintaining a blog in the age of communication technologies partly stems from the fact that social media (e.g., Facebook, Youtube, etc.) limit the abilities and the audience of a professor due to their commercial nature and intended purposes. Blogs are only managed by their owners and are visible to the public, at any time and at any place, and this global visibility and transparency is a very unique characteristic of our time.

Comment on Higher Education Isn’t Child’s Play by Armin

Good topic! I think your post could be divided into three sections: learning as a child, learning as an adult, and learning through social media. I think there are some factors (e.g., cost, environment, method, benefit, etc.) that affect a child’s or an adult’s motivation for learning. Child’s learning usually has no cost associated with it. A child is normally motivated to learn because in the case of failure he/she does not pay a cost unless there is a punishment (which could be hard to avoid by many parents). It seems that brain control centers become more activated when older children and adults receive negative feedback because they need to figure out why something went wrong (1). Also, compared to children, older children and adults associate more cost (e.g., money, responsibility, shame, etc.) to failure because they have a better understanding of the consequences. As the cost of learning and doing wrong increases, the motivation for learning decreases. Based on this association, Europian schools are eliminating their formal grading and scheduling system. Instead, they are letting the child learn without the traditionally associated cost (low grades, punishment by parents, etc.). Also, they are letting the children decide what they want to do (e.g., courses, assignments, etc.) and when (e.g., take an exam) and call it “free learning”. So, the elementary and secondary school system is already changing to allow for more flexibility and motivation. However, many higher education professors still follow the traditional models which are more or less incompatible with the new generation’s (millennials’) habits and learning styles. That’s why so many professors have problems with the use of technology in the classroom and find it annoying. I think higher education is still in a transition period. Providing for the use of technology in the classroom is in its early stages. I believe the next generation of professors will make a better use of networked learning and communication technology as primary or supplementary educational tools.

1- https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/family-affair/200809/rewards-are-better-punishment-here-s-why
2- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/01/no-grades-no-timetable-berlin-school-turns-teaching-upside-down

Comment on Cyberspace is NOT Culture-Free! by Armin

Good topic! I usually don’t blame communication technology for creating a distraction. Rather, I blame the disengaging boring atmosphere and environment that is already present in the class. My understanding is that engagement itself is an outcome of the interplay of several factors, e.g., course content, teaching method, teacher’s competency, class size, etc. If these factors are strong enough to make the class an interesting one (proper class size, effective teacher, etc.), chances are high that every student is engaged even when he/she possesses a device. Sometimes the most boring content could be delivered with such passion and expertise that grab everyone’s attention. This physics class (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FfKaIgArJ8) is an example. Before we blame technology, we may need to ask questions such as “what percentage of professors deliver their course content with passion and competency?”, “what percentage deliver their course content in the most boring traditional ways?”, ‘How many professors bother themselves to make their classes interesting like that physics professor did?” etc. If the students’ perception is that a professor is simply repeating or reading from a set of slides in the most boring way, they feel they do not need it. Therefore, they become disinterested and disengaged because they do not find a value in listening regardless of having immediate access to a device or not. On the other hand, there are many educational applications (e.g., Kahoot) that are quite engaging especially for freshman students. In short, my opinion is that if the professor sets proper strategies to deal with technology in advance and spends enough energy to make the class interesting, communication devices could work as supplementary tools to make the classroom experience more fruitful.